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                  <text>Poetry</text>
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                <text>Christmas (Poem)</text>
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                <text>Mother, when christmas comes once more, &#13;
I do not wish that you &#13;
Should buy sweet things for me again, &#13;
As you were used to do : &#13;
&#13;
The taste of cakes and sugar-plums &#13;
Is pleasant to me yet, &#13;
And temptingly the gay shops look, &#13;
With their fresh stores outset* &#13;
&#13;
But I have learn'd, dear mother. &#13;
That the poor and wretched slave &#13;
Must toil to win their sweetness. &#13;
From the cradle to the grave. &#13;
&#13;
And when he faints with weariness &#13;
Beneath the torrid sun. &#13;
The keen lash urges on his toil. &#13;
Until the day is done. &#13;
&#13;
&#13;
But when the holy angels' hymn, &#13;
On Judea's plains afar, &#13;
Peal'd sweetly on the shepherds' ear, &#13;
'Neath Bethlehem's wondrous star, &#13;
&#13;
They sung of glory to our God, — &#13;
"Peace and good will to men," — &#13;
For Christ, the Saviour of the world, &#13;
Was born amidst them then. &#13;
&#13;
And is it for His glory, men &#13;
Are made to toil, &#13;
With weary limbs and breaking hearts, &#13;
Upon another's soil?&#13;
&#13;
That they are taught not of his law, &#13;
To know his holy will, &#13;
And that He hates the deed of sin, &#13;
And loves the righteous still ? &#13;
&#13;
And is it peace and love to men, &#13;
To bind them with the chain, &#13;
And sell them like the beasts that feed &#13;
Upon the grassy plain ? &#13;
&#13;
To tear their flesh with scourgings rude, &#13;
And from the aching heart. &#13;
The ties to which it fondliest clings, &#13;
For evermore to part ? &#13;
&#13;
And 'tis because of all this sin, my mother, &#13;
That I shun &#13;
To taste the tempting sweets for which &#13;
Such wickedness is done. &#13;
&#13;
If men to men will be unjust, if slavery must be. &#13;
Mother, the chain must not be worn ; the scourge &#13;
be plied for me. &#13;
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                <text>Elizabeth Margaret Chandler</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;The poetical works of Elizabeth Margaret Chandler: with a memoir of her life and characte&lt;/em&gt;r, the &lt;em&gt;Genius of Universal Emancipation,&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;the &lt;em&gt;Liberator&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="232">
                <text>Lemuel Howell</text>
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                <text>1836</text>
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                <text>Slave Luxuries (Essay)</text>
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                <text>I BELIEVE it is Addison who declared, in one of his essays, that the sight of a luxuriously spread table, always exhibited to his imagination, the sight of innumerable diseases lying in ambush among the dishes. An idea, somewhat similar to this, has arisen in my mind with respect to an entertainment imbued with the spirit of the slave-cultivated cane. I have fancied that the death-sigh of some unfortunate victim of oppression might be yet trembling on the bosom of a jelly, and the rich flavour of a conserve conceal the briny tears that have mingled with the saccharine crystals that enter into its composition. A pound-cake seems like the sepulchre of the broken heart with which it may, perhaps, have been purchased, and the delicious ice to wear the red tinge of human blood. If those who un- scrupulously partake of these delicacies, had beheld the horrors by which they are too often purchased, if they could witness, gathered up before them, all the agony endured by their fellow- creatures, only that the gratification of their palates might be ministered to, I believe there are few females who would retain any desire to taste of the blood-polluted banquet. Yet why should the sight of blood be needed, when they know it has been shed, to awaken their sleeping sensibilities ? Under other circumstances they would shudder to be told that the morsel upon their lips, or the garments upon their forms, had been torn by rapine and murder from the hands of their rightful possessors ; and who can assure them that the price of tiie very article now before them, has not been the life of a fellow- creature? The whole system of slavery is replete with barba- rity, and there are numerous instances of the o'erwearied slave having perished with exhaustion amidst his toil, or died beneath the tortures of the mercilessly inflicted lash ; — and how can it be said that the object for which such cruelties are perpetrated, is free from the stain of blood ?</text>
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                <text>Elizabeth Margaret Chandler</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;The poetical works of Elizabeth Margaret Chandler: with a memoir of her life and character&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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                <text>Lemuel Howell</text>
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                <text>1836</text>
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                <text>Tea-Table Talk. Helen and Maria. (Sketch)</text>
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                <text>" Dear me, Helen, I cannot conceive why you think that taking a lump of sugar in your tea, or eating a piece of cake, or a preserve, can do any harm to the slaves. And when you are in company it must be so disagreeable, and look so singu-lar, to decline eating almost every thing that is offered you ! I think you must almost starve sometimes !"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;" I have never yet been driven to such an extremity," answered her friend, smiling ; " but I will acknowledge that it is certainly very disagreeable to be obliged so frequently to dis- appoint the kindness of my friends ; neither is it at all pleasant to appear singular in one's notions, which however is not now greatly to be feared, since abstinence from slave articles has become lately quite common. But even if that was not the case, my reasons are, I believe, sufficiently strong to render singularity in this respect entirely proper, and to enable me to bear the imputation of it patiently." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;" But you have eaten of such things all your life, till lately, and never thought it wrong ; and all the rest of your family make use of them, so that, begging your pardon, cousin Helen, I cannot think it otherwise than very silly for you to make such a fuss about it now." '&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;' In telling me that I have made use of slave produce through the whole of my life until lately, you have mentioned an excellent reason, my dear Maria, why I should patiently and cheerfully endure any privations that an abstinence from it may impose upon me now. But because I have done wrong ignorantly, or because those whom 1 most love have not the same views with myself in that respect, shall I continue to sin against my conscience ?" &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;" I suppose you should not, if the use of slave produce really were wrong, or could be done without altogether ; — but other people do not think it wrong, and why should you be more particular ?" &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;*&amp;lt; Shall I tell you why I think it wrong, Maria ?" &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;" Oh ! now, you want to tell me some horrid story about the treatment of the slaves. I do not know how you can bear to think and talk about such things." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;" How, then, dear Maria, can you wonder that I should re- fuse to assist in creating them. It is indeed very painful to think upon the vast amount of suffering produced by slavery, but not half so painful, cousin, as to assist in producing it. Do not imagine that I think I deserve credit for my abstinence from slave luxuries, or what I suppose you would call necessary articles. I claim none — to partake of them would be to me far the greater punishment. There are times when I almost shudder at the thought, and when I feel as if I could almost as easily endure the taste of human blood, as of the sweetness of the slave-grown cane ! It is wonderful to me how any fe- male, who has even a partial knowledge of the horrors of slavery, can be willing to support such a system, or can receive the least enjoyment from the indulgence in comforts and lux- uries which are purchased by the sacrifice of so many lives. We shudder to think of the immolation of human beings by savage nations, at the altars of their gods ; but when our own gratification is in question, we become careless of the poured- out blood of thousands !" &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;" Now you are severe, Helen ! Do you think I would con- tinue to use slave produce, especially when I could avoid doing so by any means, if I thought all I made use of would occasion the loss of life to any human being ?" &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;" Yet you must acknowledge, Maria, for I believe you are aware of the fact, that, even excluding those who have sunk under the pressure of long continued toil and hardships, the number of the miserable beings who have been deprived of their lives by actual violence is immense. And the cause of slavery, and all its attendant ills, can only be found in the prof- its of its extorted labour." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;" But, cousin, all the slave produce I should use in the whole course of my life would make no difference in the number of slaves. Abstinence would only punish myself, without any benefit to those you compassionate." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;" The articles you make use of cannot be produced without some time and labour, be the quantity what it may. Allowing the labour of a slave for six or twelve years to produce all the various slave-grown products which you may use during the course of your life, would not he who was so occupied be in effect your slave, during the time he was thus employed? Do you not receive as much benefit from his oppression as the in- dividual who is his nominal owner, but in fact, for that length of time, only your agent? Nor will the circumstances of this portion of labour, being divided among many persons, create any difference. You must excuse me for considering that for the time that is necessary to produce the articles you consume, you are a slave-holder ; or that you are doing worse, by paying another for the commission of a crime which you would not dare to commit yourself!" &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;" You speak very plainly, Helen ; but I will not be offended, I for I know you feel strongly — nay, I will even acknowledge that I have taken my last cup of tea without sugar, and that it was not so very disagreeable. But I will talk no more upon the subject now, only to say that if I was fairly convinced you were right, I believe I would give up the use at least of slave sugar."</text>
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                <text>Elizabeth Margaret Chandler</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;The poetical works of Elizabeth Margaret Chandler: with a memoir of her life and character&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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                <text>Lemuel Howell</text>
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                <text>1836</text>
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                <text>Slave Produce (Poem)</text>
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                <text>Eat ! they are cates for a lady's lip. &#13;
Rich as the sweets that the wild bees sip ; &#13;
Mingled viands that nature hath pour'd. &#13;
From the plenteous stores of her flowing board, &#13;
Bearing no trace of man's cruelty — save &#13;
The red life-drops of his human slave. &#13;
&#13;
List thee, lady ! and turn aside. &#13;
With a loathing heart, from the feast of pride ; &#13;
For, mix'd with the pleasant sweets it bears, &#13;
Is the hidden curse of scalding tears. &#13;
Wrung out from woman's bloodshot eye, &#13;
By the depth of her deadly agony. &#13;
&#13;
Look ! they are robes from a foreign loom, &#13;
Delicate, light, as the rose leaf's bloom ; &#13;
Stainless and pure in their snowy tint, &#13;
As the drift unmarked by a footstep's print. &#13;
Surely such garment should fitting be. &#13;
For woman's softness and purity. &#13;
&#13;
Yet fling them off from thy shrinking limb. &#13;
For sighs have render'd their brightness dim ; &#13;
And many a mother's shriek and groan, &#13;
And many a daughter's burning moan, &#13;
And many a sob of wild despair. &#13;
From woman's heart, is lingering there.</text>
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                <text>Elizabeth Margaret Chandler</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;The poetical works of Elizabeth Margaret Chandler: with a memoir of her life and character&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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                <text>Lemuel Howell</text>
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                <text>1836</text>
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                  <text>Poetry</text>
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                <text>To The Ladies' Free Produce Society (Poem)</text>
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                <text>These lines were addressed to the Ladies' *' Free Produce Society, of  Philadelphia," a short time previous to one of its stated meetings, after  the author had removed from the city. &#13;
&#13;
Your gathering day ! and I am not, &#13;
&#13;
As erst, amid you set ; &#13;
But even from this distant spot, &#13;
&#13;
My thoughts are with you yet. &#13;
As freshly as in hours forgot, &#13;
&#13;
When I was with you met. &#13;
&#13;
&#13;
His blessing on your high career ! &#13;
&#13;
Go, press unwearied on. &#13;
From month to month, from year to year, &#13;
&#13;
Till when your task is done. &#13;
The franchised negro's grateful tear &#13;
&#13;
Proclaims your victory won. &#13;
&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
Oh faint you not, ye gathered band ! &#13;
&#13;
Although your way be long, &#13;
And they who ranged against you stand, &#13;
&#13;
Are numberless and strong ; &#13;
While you but bear a feeble hand, &#13;
&#13;
Unused to cope with wrong. &#13;
&#13;
Upon your injured brother look. &#13;
And nerve ye with the sight ! &#13;
&#13;
Could you the good, the gentle, brook &#13;
To wear your days in light. &#13;
&#13;
Regardless that by sorrow struck, &#13;
He pines in rayless night ? &#13;
&#13;
Oh surely 'tis a blessed fate, &#13;
&#13;
A lot like that ye bear — &#13;
To bid the crush'd and desolate. &#13;
&#13;
Not yield them to despair. &#13;
For even amidst their low estate. &#13;
&#13;
Some hearts their sufferings share. &#13;
&#13;
And never your high task forget, &#13;
Till they are chainless — free ! &#13;
&#13;
Alas ! that ye should be so met, &#13;
And I not with you be ; &#13;
&#13;
Yet sometimes when you thus are set, &#13;
One heart may turn to me. </text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;The poetical works of Elizabeth Margaret Chandler: with a memoir of her life and character&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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                <text>Lemuel Howell</text>
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                <text>1836</text>
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                <text>Meek, humble, sinless as a very child,&#13;
Such wert thou,--and, though unbeheld, I seem Oft-times to gaze upon they features mild,&#13;
Thy grave, yet gentle lip, and the soft beam&#13;
Of that kind eye, that knew not how to shed&#13;
A glance of aught save love, on any human head.&#13;
&#13;
Servant of Jesus! Christian! not alone&#13;
In name and creed, with practice differing wide, &#13;
Thou didst not in thy conduct fear to own&#13;
His self denying precepts for thy guide.&#13;
Stern only to thyself, all others felt&#13;
Thy strong rebuke was love, not meant to crush, but melt.&#13;
&#13;
Thou, who didst pour o'er all the human kind&#13;
Thy gushing fervour of thy sympathy!&#13;
E'en the unreasoning brute, fail'd not to find&#13;
A pleader for his happiness in thee.&#13;
Thy heart was moved for every breathing thing,&#13;
By careless man exposed to needless suffering.&#13;
&#13;
But most the wrongs and sufferings of the slave,&#13;
Stirr'd the deep fountain of thy pitying heart;&#13;
And still thy hand was stretched to aid and save,&#13;
Until it seem'd that thou hadst taken a part&#13;
In their existence, and couldst hold no more&#13;
A separate life from them, as thou hadst done before.&#13;
&#13;
How the sweet pathos of thy eloquence,&#13;
Beautiful in its simplicity, went forth&#13;
Entreating for them! that this vile offence,&#13;
So unbeseeming of our country's worth,&#13;
Might be removed before the threatening cloud,&#13;
Thou saw'st o'erhanging it, should burst in storm and blood.&#13;
&#13;
So may thy name be reverence,--thou wert one &#13;
Of those whose virtues link us to our kind, &#13;
By our best sympathies; thy day is done,&#13;
But its sweet twilight lingers still behind,&#13;
In thy pure memory; and we bless thee yet,&#13;
For the example fair thou hast before us set.</text>
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                <text>Elizabeth Margaret Chandler</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;The Non-Slaveholder&amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;2:3, p. 72</text>
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                <text>1.3.1847</text>
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                <text>The Free Labor Movement (Article)</text>
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                <text>One of the saddest features of American Slavery, is its mournful reaction upon the whole country, both north and south. Its influence surrounds us like the atmosphere; we gather around the social board, and one of the first things which meets our gaze, is some luxury wrung from the reluctant, trembling hands of the crushed and weary slave. We enter the wardrobe and the sighs and groans of the slave are lingering around the seams of our clothes, and floating amid the folds of our garments. But who will say, when Carolina's rice, with snowy whiteness, tempts the taste, perhaps the hands that gathered this were severed form some loved and lost embrace? Who will gaze upon the manufactured cotton, and see the stain, the stain of blood and tears upon its warp and woof? Who will look beneath the delicate proportions of the sugar cane, and see the stinging ad clotted lash, and on their surface, trace the agony of years? Our moral influence against slavery must be weakened, our testimony diluted, if, while we denounce slavery as robbery of the basest kind, oppression of the most shameful stamp, an aggression upon the very citadel of life, robbing a human heart of its liberty and fights, its energies and manhood, we are constantly demanding rice from the swaps, cotton form the plantations and sugar from the deadly mills, even if every rood and acre, on which they grew, had been the scene of outrage, injustice, and crime, even if the soil on which they were raised, were red with blood and wet with servile tears, even if desolate bosoms were trampled upon to produce them, bleeding, or weary hearts crushed to procure them. Taking this view of the matter, we may hail the free labor movement, as a harbinger of hope, and ensign of progress, and a means of proving the consistency of our principles, and the earnestness of our zeal. By so-doing we may prove to the south, that we not only denounce slavery as robbery and piracy, but we are endeavoring to shake our hands from sharing in its spoils, and participating in its crimes. By so doing may we not set influences at work to girdle the deadly upas of slavery, and compel it to wither and die, for want of sustenance and support? And under the auspices of free and intelligent labor , the south may yet blossom and bloom like the rose, and slavery cease to write upon the land, cursed is the ground for my sake.&#13;
&#13;
FRANCIS ELLEN WATKINS.&#13;
LEWISTON, Me., 1855.</text>
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                <text>Frances Ellen Watkins Harper</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;Frederick Douglass' Paper&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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                <text>6.29.1855</text>
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                <text>Free Labor (Poem)</text>
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                <text>I wear an easy garment,&#13;
   O’er it no toiling slave&#13;
Wept tears of hopeless anguish,&#13;
   In his passage to the grave.&#13;
&#13;
And from its ample folds&#13;
   Shall rise no cry to God,&#13;
Upon its warp and woof shall be &#13;
   No stain of tears and blood.&#13;
&#13;
Oh, lightly shall it press my form,&#13;
   Unladened with a sigh,&#13;
I shall not ‘mid its rustling hear,&#13;
   Some sad despairing cry.&#13;
&#13;
This fabric is too light to bear&#13;
   The weight of bondsmen’s tears,&#13;
I shall not in its texture trace&#13;
   The agony of years.&#13;
&#13;
Too light to bear a smother’d sigh,&#13;
   From some lorn woman’s heart,&#13;
Whose only wreath of household love&#13;
   Is rudely torn apart.&#13;
&#13;
Then lightly shall it press my form,&#13;
   Unburden’d by a sigh;&#13;
And from its seams and folds shall rise,&#13;
   No voice to pierce the sky, &#13;
&#13;
And witness at the throne of God,&#13;
   In language deep and strong,&#13;
That I have nerv’d Oppression’s hand,&#13;
   For deeds of guilt and wrong. </text>
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                <text>Frances Ellen Watkins Harper</text>
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                <text>On Free Produce</text>
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                <text>Frances Ellen Watkins Harper describing how Solomon Northrup's narrative led her to "embrace the Free Labor doctrine most thoroughly"</text>
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                <text>Having read the narrative of Solomon Northrup (12 years a slave), she was led to embrace the Free Labor doctrine most thoroughly; and in a letter dated at Temple, Maine, Oct. 20, 1854, after expressing the interest she took in the annual meeting of the Anti-Slavery Society of that state, she [Frances Harper] remarked: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“I spoke on Free Produce, and now by the way I believe in that kind of Abolition. Oh, it does seem to strike at one of the principal roots of the matter. I have commenced since I read Solomon Northrup. Oh, if Mrs. Stowe has clothed American slavery in the graceful garb of fiction, Solomon Northrup comes up from the dark habitation of Southern cruelty where slavery fattens and feasts on human blood with such mournful revelations that one might almost wish for the sake of humanity that the tales of horror which he reveals were not so. Oh, how can we pamper our appetites upon luxuries drawn from reluctant fingers? Oh, could slavery exist long if it did not sit on a commercial throne? I have read somewhere, if I remember aright, of a Hindoo being loth to cut a tree because being a believer in the transmigration of souls, he thought the soul of his father had passed into it ... Oh, friend, beneath the most delicate preparations of the cane can you not see the stinging lash and clotted whip? I have reason to be thankful that I am able to give a little more for a Free Labor dress, if it is coarser. I can thank God that upon its warp and woof I see no stain of blood and tears; that to procure a little finer muslin for my limbs no crushed and broken heart went out in sighs, and that from the field where it was raised went up no wild and startling cry unto the throne of God to witness there in language deep and strong, that in demanding that cotton I was nerving oppression's hand for deeds of guilt and crime. If the liberation of the slave demanded it, I could consent to part with a portion of the blood from my own veins if that would do him any good.”</text>
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                <text>William Still,&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;Underground Railroad&amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;(1872) in A Brighter Coming Day, 44-45</text>
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                <text>My heart is sick with disappointed hopes,&lt;br /&gt;This robber-war has loosen'd all its props,&lt;br /&gt;I fondly hoped the public heart and mind&lt;br /&gt;Were feeling brotherhood for all mankind,&lt;br /&gt;That Christian principles of love and peace&lt;br /&gt;Were wide diffused, and that all wars would cease;&lt;br /&gt;That these pure principles, opposed to strife,&lt;br /&gt;Had set just value on the human life;&lt;br /&gt;But the low standard of our public presses,&lt;br /&gt;Decks robber-war in patriotic dresses,&lt;br /&gt;Shouts "glorious victory" -- with joyful cry --&lt;br /&gt;At wholesale murder of the deepest die!&lt;br /&gt;For what was this vile robber-war began,&lt;br /&gt;But to make room for trafficking in man,&lt;br /&gt;To spread the hateful curse of slavery o'er&lt;br /&gt;Wide fertile plains where freedom reigned before?&lt;br /&gt;But we can now exult o'er thousands slain,&lt;br /&gt;O'er wounded thousands agonized with pain,&lt;br /&gt;And o'er desponding hearts of thousands more,&lt;br /&gt;Bereft of all that sweetened life before.&lt;br /&gt;Can Christians glory in the deep distress,&lt;br /&gt;Of brethren in their utter hopelessness? --&lt;br /&gt;In early times, true Christian converts strove&lt;br /&gt;To bless mankind through offices of love.&lt;br /&gt;If pressed to war, they then could answer right,&lt;br /&gt;I am a Christian,&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;therefore cannot&amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;fight;&lt;br /&gt;The term admits but one interpretation,&lt;br /&gt;True love to God, and man in every station.&lt;br /&gt;Now Christians, calld, can fight in vilest cause,&lt;br /&gt;And for their murders ask the world's applause;&lt;br /&gt;Get up illuminations, shout huzzas,&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;And bid defiance to Christ's holy laws.&lt;br /&gt;Your shining lights are but portentous gloom--&lt;br /&gt;A dark foreboding of the times to come,&lt;br /&gt;When the dire evils of this murderous war,&lt;br /&gt;And robber-slavery must be answered for.&lt;br /&gt;Then, all these impious pageantries will cease,&lt;br /&gt;These daring insults to the Prince of peace.&lt;br /&gt;Ah! when will that bright gospel day break in,&lt;br /&gt;When men will cease to glorify their sin?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Upper Darby&lt;/em&gt;, 4th mo.19th, 1847&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;G.S.</text>
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                <text>G.S.</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;The Non-Slaveholder&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2:6, pp. 120</text>
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